Is it just a sprain, or is it a minor fracture? The role of a splint
A minor fracture can be a frightening experience, but understanding how to manage it can help ease pain and prevent further injury. For stable, non-displaced fractures (where the bone remains properly aligned), splinting is often the first and most effective treatment option. By immobilizing the injured area, a splint allows swelling to decrease and creates a safe environment for the bone to begin healing.
What is splinting and why is it important?
A splint is a medical device used to hold an injured body part still and protect it from further damage. Unlike a cast, which provides rigid, circumferential support, a splint offers more flexibility and is adjustable. This is especially beneficial in the initial phase of an injury, as it allows for swelling.
The primary goals of splinting are:
- Immobilize the area: Preventing movement is critical for proper healing.
- Relieve pain: Stabilizing the fracture significantly reduces pain.
- Protect from further damage: Limiting movement prevents the broken bone from causing additional injury to surrounding tissues, blood vessels, and nerves.
DIY vs. professional splinting: What you need to know
While it is crucial to seek professional medical help for any suspected fracture, there are times when a temporary, makeshift splint is necessary, such as during a hike or if emergency services are not immediately available.
How to apply a temporary splint
If you need to make a temporary splint, follow these first-aid guidelines:
- Address open wounds: If there is an open wound, stop any bleeding by applying direct pressure with a clean cloth before splinting.
- Keep it still: Immobilize the body part in the position in which it was found. Do not try to straighten or realign a broken bone.
- Find a rigid support: Use a sturdy object like a rolled-up magazine, a board, or a heavy stick.
- Immobilize the joints: For fractures in the arm or leg, the splint should extend past the joints both above and below the injury. For a broken wrist, this means extending to the fingers and past the elbow.
- Pad for comfort: Place padding—such as a rolled-up sock, cloth, or towel—between the rigid support and the limb to protect the skin and bony areas.
- Secure the splint: Use ties (strips of cloth, tape, belts) to secure the splint firmly, but not so tightly that it cuts off circulation. Place the ties above and below the injury itself, not directly over it.
- Check for circulation: Regularly check the area below the splint for signs of decreased circulation, such as paleness, numbness, or a tingling sensation. If these occur, loosen the splint.
- Seek immediate medical attention: A temporary splint is not a permanent solution. Get to an urgent care clinic or emergency room for proper evaluation and treatment.
Common splinting types for minor fractures
A healthcare provider may use a specific type of splint depending on the location and type of minor fracture.
- Volar splint: Placed on the palm-side of the hand and forearm, this splint is used for many wrist and finger fractures.
- Buddy taping: For a minor, non-displaced finger fracture, a doctor may tape the injured finger to an adjacent, healthy finger to provide support.
- Thumb spica splint: This splint is used specifically to immobilize the thumb and wrist.
- Aluminum foam splint: Versatile and adjustable, this type of splint can be molded to fit a finger or other small area.
The path to healing
A splint is a critical first step in treating a minor fracture. While it provides immediate support and pain relief, it’s essential to follow up with a medical professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. The doctor will determine if a splint is the final treatment or if a cast or other medical intervention is necessary for a full recovery. With proper care, you can help your body heal and get back to your routine.